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What does PCIe mean? Know All About PCIe

September 21, 2023
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What does PCIe mean?

The technical name for PCI Express is Peripheral Component Interconnect Express, but it is commonly referred to by its shorter form: PCIe or PCI-E. This is a standard connection type used for internal components in a computer.

The oldest interface used in computers, known as ISA, has been largely superseded by AGP and PCI. These two technologies are now being replaced by the more advanced PCI Express. This is now the standard way to connect components internally and many motherboards no longer have any other type of slot.

Generally, PCIe expansion slots on the motherboard that accept PCIe-based add-in boards, as well as those boards themselves, are referred to as PCI Express. Now let’s move ahead to other details of PCIe.

What is PCIe?

A motherboard within a desktop computer usually has several slots of Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe). These can be used to attach GPUs, RAID cards, Wi-Fi cards, or SSDs. The specific kinds of PCIe slots available on a particular motherboard depend on the exact model purchased.

PCIe slots have diverse physical shapes: x1, x4, x8, x16, and x32. The amount following the letter “x” suggests the number of lanes (the path for data to travel to and from the PCIe card) of that particular slot. A PCIe x1 slot holds one lane and transfers information at one bit per cycle. Similarly, a PCIe x2 slot has two lanes and moves data at two bits per cycle (and so forth).

It is possible to place a PCIe x1 card into a PCIe x16 slot, however, it will not achieve the same level of performance. Likewise, if a PCIe x8 card is used in a PCIe x4 slot, the speed of data transfer will only be half that of what it would be when in a PCIe x8 slot. The majority of graphics cards need to be plugged into a PCIe x16 slot to reach their maximum capability.

How does PCIe works?

As with its precursors, such as PCI and AGP, a device that utilizes the PCI Express protocol (illustrated in the accompanying image) is inserted into a dedicated slot on the motherboard. This type of connection offers a high amount of data transfer rate between the device and the main board, as well as other components.

Through PCIe, data is transmitted through two pairs of wires: two for sending and two for receiving. Every such set of cables is called a “lane” and can convey eight-bit data packets at the same time between two points.

PCIe Sizes:

Rather than one, there are four distinct lengths of PCI Express slots that exist: x1, x4, x8, and x16. The PCIe slot sizes are linked to the number of electrical PCI Express lanes accessible and, depending on the generation, the data transmission rate can go up dramatically from one lane to another.

PCIe Generation:

The various versions of PCIe that are currently available are 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0; with each iteration offering twice the data transfer speed of its predecessor. To understand the capabilities of a PCIe expansion card, the rate at which it runs is determined by the slowest version present in either the card or the slot it is being inserted into; so if you install a PCIe 2.0 card in a PCIe 3.0 slot, you can expect it to operate at a maximum of PCIe 2.0 speeds.

PCIe 4.0

In 2017, the PCIe 4.0 standard was unveiled offering 64 GBps of bandwidth. Even though it was suitable for corporate servers, the utilization of SSDs with this technology was only possible in 2019. The AMD Ryzen 3000-series processors launched in July 2019 were the first desktop CPUs to come built-in with PCIe 4.0 x16 compatibility. For full implementation, users require motherboards with the X570 chipset.

PCIe 5.0

In May 2019, the updated PCIe 5.0 standard was released. It offers 128 GBps of bandwidth and is compatible with earlier PCIe generations. As well as electrical modifications to enhance signal reliability, the specification encompasses backward-compatible CEM attachments for plug-in cards. Intel was the first to adopt PCIe 5.0 on its Alder Lake platform. Nevertheless, the first PCIe 5.0 products should be released for commercial clients in 2022, and consumer models will be available afterward.

PCI-SIG, responsible for developing PCIe specifications, anticipates that PCIe 4.0 and 5.0 will be concurrently used, with the latter providing the highest throughput and being ideal for AI tasks, networking operations, and related needs. Therefore, PCIe 5.0 will be mainly implemented in data centers, corporate networks, and HPC settings while low-demand activities like those in home computers can still rely on PCIe 4.0.

PCIe 6.0 Future Generation

PCIe 6.0 will boost the bandwidth of PCIe 5.0 to 256 GB/s, keeping the same maximum number of lanes, 16. The rate of data transmission per pin will reach 64 GT/s, two times higher than the 32 GT/s in PCIe 5.0. Additionally, PCIe 6.0 should be able to be utilized with earlier versions of PCIe as well.

Types of PCI Express Cards:

A PCIe card, also known as a PCI Express card or PCIe-based card, is a type of network adapter that utilizes the PCIe interface. It is used as an expansion card on motherboards to provide additional connections. PCs are often outfitted with specific slots designed to accept these cards. These slots are usually wider than the card itself and accommodate its insertion into the motherboard.

The dimension of any PCI Express card is usually indicated by the number of lanes. Generally, there are five physical sizes of PCIe cards: x1, x4, x8, x16, and x32. (It should be noted that PCIe x32 exists with a maximum of 32 lanes but it is extremely uncommon and not widely used.) The figure following the “x” designates the number of lanes in the PCIe slot. For instance, a PCIe x4 card has four lanes.

What does PCIe mean: Conclusion

Through the above article, we conclude and gather all the basic details of PCIe, each and everything you need to know about PCIe is present in this article above. For sure this article will be proven as a better help to know everything about PCIe.

For any further queries, you can leave a comment in the comment section below.

Frequently Asked Questions?

1. What is the meaning of PCIe?

PCIe stands for “peripheral component interconnect express” and is mainly utilized as a standardized connector for motherboard components such as graphics cards, memory, and storage.

2. What is PCI used for?

A Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (formerly labeled angioplasty with stent) is a process that does not require an operation. A catheter, which is a thin, flexible tube, is used to put in a small structure known as a stent that widens blood vessels in the heart that have become blocked due to plaque accumulation, which is referred to as atherosclerosis.

3. What is another name for PCIe?

PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially termed PCI Express or PCI-e, is a quick serial computer expansion standard that has been devised to supersede the earlier PCI, PCI-X and AGP standards.

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